The Journal of European Studies

Category: History

  • Gediminas: Didysis Kunigaikštis, Sukūręs Lietuvos Galybę\Gediminas: The Grand Duke Who Built the Power of Lithuania

    Lithuanian/English XIV amžiaus pradžioje Europa buvo žemynas, kupinas karalysčių, kovų ir nuolatinių politinių varžybų. Galingos valstybės siekė plėsti savo teritorijas, kariniai ordinai kariavo religinius karus, o mažesnės valstybės dažnai išnykdavo spaudžiamos stipresnių kaimynų.Tačiau Baltijos regiono miškuose ir upių slėniuose viena valstybė ne tik išgyveno, bet ir tapo vis stipresnė. Tai buvo Lietuva, o valdovas, padėjęs…

  • The Forgotten European Captives of the Barbary Slave Trade

    English For over three centuries, from the 1500s to the 1800s, the Mediterranean was not just a sea of trade and travel—it was a dangerous highway for thousands of Europeans. Along the coasts of North Africa, from Algiers to Tunis and Tripoli, fleets of corsair ships patrolled the waters, capturing sailors, merchants, fishermen, and even…

  • The Debate Over English Identity: Civic Nation or Historic People?

    English In modern Britain, few cultural questions provoke as much disagreement as the meaning of the word “English.” Is it primarily a civic identity open to anyone who lives in England and adopts its institutions, or does it refer to a historic people shaped by ancestry, culture, and centuries of shared development? The debate resurfaced…

  • The People of Europe – Chapter 2: The Age of Tribes

    English By the time the ice had retreated and forests covered most of the continent, Europe was no longer a wilderness dotted with scattered bands of hunters. It had become something more structured, more rooted. People no longer simply survived on the land — they began to claim it.Across valleys and river plains, tribes formed.…

  • The People of Europe: Chapter 1 — The First Europeans

    English Europe was never one people. It was, from the very beginning, a patchwork of tribes, clans, and families spread across forests, plains, and mountains. Long before nations had names, long before borders were drawn on maps, the land was alive with the movement of people, each with their own languages, customs, and ways of…

  • Europe, Migration, and the Orgins of Eurabia – Part 1

    English Part I: Historical Context – Europe, Migration, and the Origins of Eurabia 1. Introduction: Understanding Europe’s Demographic Past Europe’s population, migration, and social structures have evolved over centuries, shaped by economic, political, and cultural forces. The region has faced waves of population growth and decline, periods of emigration and immigration, and challenges in maintaining…

  • The History and Origins of the Ashkenazi Jews of Europe

    English The Ashkenazi Jews are one of the principal historical branches of the Jewish people, whose origins lie in the ancient Near East and whose distinct cultural identity developed in medieval Europe. Their history spans nearly two millennia and reflects a continuous process of migration, adaptation, religious scholarship, social organization, persecution, intellectual transformation, and demographic…

  • The Legacy of Europe

    English European civilization reshaped the world in ways that are still visible today. From ocean navigation to legal systems, from engineering to finance, from universities to global languages, European achievements built much of the framework of the modern world. What began as maritime exploration developed into a vast network of trade, governance, infrastructure, and cultural…

  • The Moorish Enslavement of Europeans in North Africa and Andalus: A Forgotten Chapter of History

    English When most people hear the word “slavery,” the transatlantic African slave trade comes to mind. Yet for centuries, Europeans themselves were systematically enslaved, primarily by Muslim powers in North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. Thousands of men, women, and children were captured in wars, raids, and maritime piracy, and transported across the Mediterranean to…

  • Pasaulio lietuviai: tauta namuose ir visame pasaulyje\Lithuanians of the World: A Nation at Home and Around the World

    Lithuanian\English Lietuva yra nedidelė Baltijos valstybė, turinti apie 2,7 milijono gyventojų. Tačiau lietuvių tauta gerokai peržengia savo valstybės sienas. Per pastaruosius 150 metų dėl migracijos milijonai lietuvių ir jų palikuonių apsigyveno Šiaurės Amerikoje, Vakarų Europoje, Pietų Amerikoje, Australijoje ir kai kuriose buvusios Sovietų Sąjungos teritorijose.Skaičiuojant tiek Lietuvoje gyvenančius žmones, tiek užsienyje gyvenančius lietuvių kilmės asmenis,…